Unit+Three

__**Chapter 11 Notes-**__ Pgs 294-295 Pgs 297-299 Pgs 300-303
 * Cotton production spread rapidly beginning in the 1820s
 * tobacco prices were subject to frequent jumps and drops in prices
 * Rice needed a lot of irrigation and a it had a very long growing season
 * Sugar demanded hard labor and it also had a long growing season, and sugar was sublect to only being able to be grown in a limited area
 * By the 1850s, cotton had become the staple of the southern economy
 * 1850, 3 million bales a year, 1860, nearly 5 million
 * Cotton made up two thirds of the exports of the US and it brought in nearly 200,000 million a year.
 * As a result, slavery also began to expand
 * Alabama 41,000 to 435,000 slaves from 1820 to 1860, Mississippi 32,000 to 436,000.
 * The movement of slaves were from the upper south to the cotton states
 * The south had inadequate transportation system
 * Albert Pike, an Arkansas journalist noted that the south relied heavily on the north for most things that didnt involve agriculture
 * B.D. De bow, stated the opposite, but proved how much the north was needed when he tried to print his review defending the south's independent society, the review printed in New York because New Orleans did not have a sufficient printing industry
 * The south remained differen to the north's economic system because of: how profitable the agricultural way of the south had become, a belief amongst some southerners that they were to live life a more refined and gracious way than to development and and rapid growth.
 * The Planter Class: "The whites who owned at least forty or fifty slaves and 800 or more acres exercised power and influence that far more than in excess of their numbers. They stood at the apex of society, determining the the political, economic and even the social life of their region."
 * In 1850, when the population of the south was over 6 million, 347,525 had slaves, in 1860, 8 million, 383,637 had slaves
 * The lives of white women in the south generally was centered in the home, George Fitzhugh, an important theorist in the 1850s for the south wrote that women only had one right, the right to protection and that the right to protection has the obligation to obey.
 * Schooling in the south remained to those who could afford and as a result, the south had over 500,000 illiterate whites, that was over half the countrys total
 * Slavery began to take hold of the economy, a notherner named Frederick Law Olsted who visited the south in the 1850s wrote " From childhood, the one thing in their condition that has made life valuable to the mass of whites has been that the niggers are yet their inferiors"

__**The Expansion of Cotton, Slavery, and Plantations of Nineteenth Century America**__**-** __**Slavery and Cotton in the South**__
 * Map Comparrison Analysis**
 * This was the size of a plantation in nineteenth century Alabama compared to the size of Malden, MA. A plantation was a large eststate where slaves worked 14-18 hours a day, 6 days a week. Plantations were the staple of a southern economy where agriculture was the main source in feeding the consumers need for tobacco, sugar, and cotton. The size pf plantations varied from 500 to 1,000 acres.**
 * As the need for cotton to use for economic purposes grew, so did slavery.** **When the pop. was over 6 million, 347,525 people owned slaves. When the pop. was over 8 million, 383,637 people owned slaves. From 1820 to 1860 the areas of cotton grew and the distribution of slaves increased. In the south, virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Gorgia**



__**Chapter 11 Questions 1-4**__ media type="custom" key="7483979"

1. **Profits, Competition, Cooperation, Supply and Demand.**
 * Slaves never had a chance to become wealthy.**
 * Slavery is not ok because of morality.**

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 * Bubble of Nineteenth Century Southern Society**

__**Chapter 12 Notes:**__ Pgs 316-317 The Romatic Impulse Nationalism and Romatiscism in Paintings Literature and the Quest for Liberation Pgs 318-319 The Transcendentalists 3). The importance of individual rights. How far can the governement inact laws and policies before the people decide they want change and how they will go about it. Unity, a need for a large group in order for the movement to be of any use. Change doesn't come quicky. persistence, patience. The people in power do not give up their power easily. The idea of gradual vs immidiate plans. Strategic, opprtunistic.
 * Chapter 12 Preview: Antebellum (Prewar) Culture and Reform**
 * **Before the Civil War**
 * **Nationlism and Romantisim appears in American Paintings**
 * In philosophy, art, politics and economics, american intellectuals were commiting themselves to the liberation of the human spirit
 * Americans were creating important artistic traditions of their own
 * American paintings set out to evoke the feeling of awe and wonderment and even fear of the franduer of nature
 * The first great american novelist: James Fenimore Cooper, hiswork was recognized because of it's evocation of the american wilderness
 * A group of New England writers and Philosophers that embraced a theory of the individual that rested on a distinction between reason and understanding.
 * Reason had little to do with rationality, the individuals inate capacity to grasp beauty and truth throught giving full expression to their instincts and emotions; it was the highest humgean faculty.
 * Understanding was the use of intellect in the narrow, artificial ways imposed by soceity; it involved th repression of instinct and victory of externally imposed learning.

__**Chapter 13 Maps:**__ Pge 340- Expanding Settlement, 1830-1850 Pge 345- Western Trails in 1860
 * The wave of expansion during 1810-1850 the patterns of settlement were increasingly moving westward toward the louisana purchase
 * The white population setllment was aminly along the east cost in 1810
 * In 1810- to 1830 the patternes of settlement began to move south
 * 1830-1850, was when the white population began to move west toward the louisiana purchse
 * Many of these routes on this map were used for travle and settlement along with trade
 * Many of the trails lead into california and not that many stayed in any other teritory
 * Many travel;ers established farms and bussinesses along these trails in order to make aprofit

Pge 349-The Mexican War, 1846-1848
 * The mexicans won one battle during the war
 * The mexican troops stayed mainly in santa anna

Pge 350- South Western Expansion, 1845, 1853 Theme: westward expansion, reasons Manifest Destiny- The lord has domined that it was americans right to their land, self-interest, culture, religion, government, technology,
 * Spain had much of the land in the south western part of the us after the war
 * Mexico gave the land from oregon country to the gadsen purchase from the US
 * Texas was annexed by the us in 1845
 * War
 * Treaties, Purchases, Manifest Destiny, Immigration

ge 354- Slave and Free Territories Under The Compromise of 1850
 * The idea of popular soverignty
 * Democratic
 * People get to decide


 * __Background Causes of The Civil War__**
 * The election of Abrham Lincoln 3
 * Slavery, lincolns position on slavery 4
 * John Browns raid 2
 * Dredd scott decision 1
 * Cessesion of the south 5
 * Failure to compromise 6

Northern Advantages
 * Advanced industrial system
 * Advacned Transportation System

Southern Advantages
 * Home- Field Advantage


 * __Key Economic Measures Taken by the North__**
 * Levyed taxes
 * National Bank Act- helped to secure more funds for the war
 * Loans from American People

11: Civil War a) Two societies at war: mobilization, resources, and internal dissent b) Military strategies and foreign diplomacy c) Emancipation and the role of African Americans in the war d) Social, political, and economic effects of war in the North, South, and West

12: Reconstruction a) Presidential and Radical Reconstruction b) Southern state governments: aspirations, achievements, failures c) Role of African Americans in politics, education, and the economy d) Compromise of 1877 e) Impact of Reconstruction

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 * __ Was the Civil War worth it? __**

** ﻿ ** ﻿ **Paul- The end justifies the means. Without the civil war there would have been no civil rights movement.** **﻿** ﻿ **Pj- Many lives were lost and could have been avoided by different means.** **﻿**
 * Looking at how the United States of America is today, the civil war was worth it. At the time it did not seem that the US could come to a conclusion about slavery and war was the only option. In the US today, African Americans have as close as to equal rights as possible. Although the conclusion of the Civil War did not grant African americans the same rights as the regular American citizen, it provided an insight for future african american leaders to fight for what they believe in. Many lives were lost, and but for many freedoms gained. After the civil war, even though there were not many african americans that held public office in the US, it was a great accomplishment that they could. To ensure that the south followed their part of the deal at the end of the civil war, there were troops sent to the south **


 * Chapter 15 Questions 1-3**
 * 1.**
 * **The many parts of the south that had been destroyed and left desolate, platations burned, the fields were left unattended and the roads and bridges were in left rubble**
 * **The modern slaveowner lost nearly all source of income due to their slaves being stripped and this had a direct effect on the basic famalies of the south**
 * **The economy of the south was in disarray**
 * **The political part of the south had to be rebuilt to allow african americans to hold office**
 * 2.**
 * **There were many compromises due to the sturcture of the government**
 * **The president was able to veto many of congresses's bills and laws due to the sturcture of the government**


 * 3.**
 * **The compromise of 1877**
 * **The republicans were able to get back into office and and agreement was reached**
 * **The african americans that were once slaves were not able to get equal rights or hold office in the south**

Chapter 16 Notes: Pges434-435

The Societies of the Far West: The Caste System Hispanic New Mexico Pges436-437 Hispanic California and Texas The Chinese Migration
 * At the top, Spanish and or mexicans
 * Pueblos were below them
 * Then people who were enslaved in war and men and women who had left their tribes were at the bottom
 * Considerable numbes of mexicans flocked to the United Sates and most of them stayed to from California to Texas
 * Taos indian Rebellion- General Stephen Karney tried to establish a form of government where the hispanics of New Mexico would be excluded. Fears rose in both the hispanic and the indian culture and in 1847 the Taos Indians rebelled killing the general and other anglo-american offilcials. they were later subdued by the US army.
 * Spanish settlement here beagn with a influx of Christian Missions along the pacific coast
 * These misionaries created a labor force that they forced into servitude different than slavery
 * Mexican government began reducing the power of the church and the mission society died
 * A mexican aristocracy emerged in place of the mission society
 * A combination of reckless expansion, growing indebtness, and a severe drought in the 1860s made the hispanic aristocracy to cease to exist
 * Now many mexican and mexican americans were apart of the lowered working class of California
 * Mexicans in southern Texas although they were nearly three quarters of the population, became an increasing working class.
 * the late nineteenth century saw the destruction of the mexican americans authority where they had lived amny years, and it saw the movement of large numbers of hispanics into an improvished working class serving the expanding capitalist economy of theUS
 * By 1880, more than 200,000 chinese had settled in the US, mostly in California, the experience of the chinese immigrants in the wset became a struggle to advance economically due to racism and discrimination
 * A sereis of laws in the 1850s were designed to discourage chinese imgration into the territory
 * As mining declined for opportunity for chinese, the railroad system began to open up
 * The chinese formed 90 percent of the central pacific work force

O’Shane McCreath 12-14-10 1987 DBQ; Body Paragraph One Throughout the constitution, there are rules that are stated tpo ensure that the people within the United States are safe and have rules to abide by in order for there to be national unity. Inddocument b, it is stated that the constitution, in order for the southerners to uphold certain rights given to them by the constitution, “is to recognize slavery where the people choose it and the remedy for fugitive slaves.” The constitution provides enough information for that to take place. In Document E, it is sated that “millions of American peoiple are4 crushed under the american Union. They are held as slaves, trafficked as merchandise, registered as ggods and chttels…. The constitution which subjects them to hopeless bondage is one that we cannot wear upon.” This document

Horatio Alger- Louisa May Alcott
 * Wrote over 100 novels aimed to the public and his young audience.
 * Mostly all of them were about a young man's rise to riches
 * He wanted to exert a slutary influence upon the class which he was writing to by presenting inspiring examples of what energy, ambition, and a purpose could achieve.
 * He did it in very respectful way
 * Gave young men a hope and a push to take risk and go into business and to becom the best person one can be
 * Gave a voice to developing young women
 * Wrote relaistic fiction focused on different experiences in women's lives
 * Pushing women to make the most of themselves