Unit+two

__﻿__ __**Chapter 6 Questions**__ 1) Federalism was the development of a governemnt that was made for the people. The government consisted of different state governments anmd one national government. The constitution made this government work by providing the guidelines to which the people of the government and regular everyday folk to abide by. The constitution put obstacles between people and the demonstartion of power. 2,3,4,5,6,7
 * __Establishing National Sovereignty__**
 * The federalists attracted wide spread support of their cause by dealing with two problems that had been facing the country for awhile: They helped stabalize the nation's western lands, and they also strengthened Americas international position.
 * Farmers refused to pay a whiskey tax and started to harrass tax collectors. this rebellion was setteled down when George Washington gathered an army bigger than the size of some of the armies he commanded and went to Pennslyvania.
 * North Carolina, Rhode Island, Vermont, New York, New Hampshire, Kentucky, Tennessee, all became states in 1789 Through 1796
 * The question of who was in control of the western lands, the United States, or the Indian nations, remained unanswered.
 * The United States struggled to remain nuetral when the French and British went to war again.
 * The United States first serious challenge of its nuetrality was when citizen Genet of the French tried to use Americas port. His party was out of power whne they tried to send him back. So the president granted him political asylum, he settled in America.
 * The Jay treaty of 1794 ended Americas next threat to it's nuetrality by ending conflict with the Brtitsh and giving the US an ok commercial relationship with Great Britain.
 * The Pickney's treaty of 1795, spain recognized the right to navigate the Mississippi river, agreed to fix northern border of Florida, and wanted the spanish to prevent Indians of Florida from launching raids across river.
 * The downfall of the federalists was because of a choice between individual liberties and stability during difficult times of the government; They chose stability.
 * John Adams wins the election of 1796 after George Washington refuses to stay in office for a third term.
 * The new president was one of the countrys most accomplished and talented diplomats, but he had few skills as a politician.
 * John Marshall and Elbridge Gerry were sent to france to negotiate, when they got their, three agents of the french foreign minister demanded pay before any negotioans took place, the representation from the US Said no. This later became known as the XYZ affair.
 * The Quasi war came to a peacefull end when the french government saw that the US had been preparing for war by alling itself with the british.
 * Federalists saw this as an opportunity to increase their majorities in congress in 1798. They created the Alien and Sedition acts as a way to silenece republican opposition.
 * Alien act made becoming a citizen harder for foreigners. Sedition act allowed the government to prosecute whoever engaged in sedition against the government.
 * The Virginia and Kentucky resolutions stated that the government had only certain delegated powers.

1) American Nationalism in the 19th century mainly revolved around the development of being able to get an education, American literary and and normal life being free from European influence, and religion in America beginning to change and to adjust towards rationalism. American culture in the 19th century took a turn towards a complete literary and artictic life that would be better than that of Europe's.
 * __Chapter 7 Questions 1-5__**

2)The major political changes of Jefferson's presidency were about half of government jobs had been given to republicans rather than federalists, almost all internal taxes were abolished, he reduced the armies size from 4,000 to 2,500. These changes advocated the change of direction president Jefferson and his administration were headed.

3)Jefferson's constitutional philosophy was to make America develop free of European influence. The Louisiana Purchase put him in a position that if he yeilded to a spanish interruption of the Pickney's treaty and tried to stop it by force, that threatened of a major war with the French. If he ignored it, and cause the Mississippi river to be closed to westerners, he could lose political support.A strict construtionist. Jefferson insisted that the

4)The motivations behind president Jefferson's sponsorship of the Lewis and Clark expeditions to explore the west was to gather geographical facts and to consider trade options with indians.

5)The causes of The War of 1812 were problems between the indians and the british, the want for the land of Florida, and the "War Hawks". The consequences of The War of 1812 were a weaker federalist party, and Indians were even less likely to be able to resist white expansion. The American government lay in a recovery yet again. The international image of the united states of america began to take root as an international power.


 * __Chapter 7 Notes__**
 * __pge 198-__ Marbury vs Madison:**
 * **Marbury sues Madison**
 * **Marbury was supposed to recieve commision from when john adams was in office.**
 * **Juidicial Review-Judging laws by their constintutionailty.**
 * **War of 1812-James madison was president**

Chapter Seven Preview and Data collection. Previews:
 * The school system of the united states is starting to develop.
 * Cultural developments between social groups
 * Aperiod of individualism is occuring again
 * Technology is beggining to develop as well as medicine, transportation, trade.
 * The development of new cities were on the rise

__**Chapter Nine Questions 1-2**__ 1) Democracy changed in the years leading up to Andrew Jacksons election by the rules of governing voting beginning to change.More adult white males were now able to vote. The change started in Ohio and other states of the west where they had constitutions that all white males could now vote and voters could also hold public office. In New York, the property requirement was abolished because reforemers that stated from the Decleration of Independence said the property was not one of the fundamentals of living life. Throughout the developing country, voting had increased more than the population.

2) John C Calhoun began to advertise a new theory called nullification. Nullification was the idea that since the federal government was a creation of the states, the states had the final power to decide whether laws were constitutional or unconstitutional. Martin Van Buren had been chosen by Andrew Jackson as his successor when he left the White house. John C Calhoun, as he took place in the government, realized that he could not defy the federal government alone.

3) Andrew Jackson saw the bank as not nessasary because it was owned by a board of directors. He vetowed a bill renweing the funding for the bank. He then proceeded to say that some of the powers that the bank had was unathorized by congress itself. The bank supporters in congress failed to stop the override the veto. Jackson also decided to stop government deposits from the bank since he could not get rid of the bank until the charter was completely gone. When the bank was defeated in 1836, the banking system for the country was unstable and it aould plague the US for more than a century.

4)

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 * __5 Key Items of Jacksonian America__**
 * Democracy- Leading up to Andrew Jacksons election into office, the rules governing voting began to change leading top an increase in voting more rapidly than the population of the United States itself. More people had more poliotical rights and opportuinites. Democratilization**
 * The War against the Bank of America- Andrew Jackson vetowed a bill renewing the charter of the bank of America. He would not favor the renewing of the charter for the bank of America.**
 * The Indidan Removal Act- 1830, an act that appropriated money to be used to finance federal negotiations with the local tribes in hopes of relocating the tribes to the west.**
 * The Spoil System- Andrew Jackson decided to reward his follwers with positions in office.**
 * Main Idea Of Andrew Jackson- He did not like the rich and well off bankers in the north, and he wanted to give more power to the everyday common man in the US. (Anti-banker) the key to democray was an expansion of economic opportunity, which would not occur if older corporations could maintain monopolies and choke off comprtition from the newer companies.**


 * Capitalism in America- an [|economic system] in which the [|means of production] are [|privately] [|owned] and operated for a private [|profit]; decisions regarding supply, demand, price, distribution, and investments are made by private actors in the [|market] rather than by [|central planning] by the government; profit is distributed to owners who invest in [|businesses], and wages are paid to workers employed by businesses and companies.**
 * How is Capitalism Practiced in Amnerica- Store owners, Land owners, Bank owners, mainly the people that own some sort of establishment and make their own money is practicing capitalism in America.**
 * Key elements of Capitalism-Money and things that are worth money, individuals and privately owned companies cointrol the capital n+means of production. System based on competition and also on cooperation.**
 * Companies within the same industrie do not operate with each other, companies within the other industires generally work together.**
 * America does not practice full capitalism, in America the government is involved in the economy. the government sets rules and regulations for businesses and industries- ex: monopolies are illegal.**
 * Businesses arer trying to maximize their profits.**
 * Laissez Faiere**
 * The Invisible Hand**
 * 1) An economic doctrine that opposes governmental regulation of or interference in commerce beyond the minimum necessary for a free-enterprise system to operate according to its own economic laws.
 * 2) Noninterference in the affairs of others.-

Term used by [|Adam Smith] to describe the natural [|force] that guides [|free market] [|capitalism] through [|competition] for scarce [|resources]. According to Adam Smith, in a free [|market] each participant will try to maximize self-interest, and the interaction of market participants, [|leading] to [|exchange] of goods and [|services], enables each participant to be better of than when simply producing for himself/herself. He further said that in a free market, no [|regulation] of any type would be needed to [|ensure] that the mutually beneficial exchange of goods and services took place, since this "invisible hand" would guide market participants to [|trade in] the most mutually beneficial manner. Laissez Faire- Government interferes with the economy as little as possible. Reasons of Capitalism Success-Self-interest, competition, the laws of supply and demand **__Economy-__** the system of production and distribution and consumption **__Elements of the Capitalist Economy-__**
 * Private Businesses
 * Consumers
 * Government
 * Investors-stock holders, Venture Capitalists(Invest their money for a profit)
 * Workers+Unions
 * Banks
 * Schools


 * __What does the government do in America?__**
 * Regulates(oversees and makes rules for)businesses and industries
 * Taxes
 * The government creates jobs
 * Funding schools, infrustructure
 * Controls and monitors currency
 * Welfare Programs, Food Stamps, subsidized housing, free and reduced lunch progarms, unemployment benefits, medicare(elderly), medicaid(poor), Social Security
 * Aerica has a "Semi-Invisible Hand"

The american economic system is not pure, lassiez faire capitalism, america has semi- visible hand So all in all, how much should the american government involve itself within the government?


 * __My Opinoin-__** The semi capitalist economy that exists in America today has worked so far. There are many pros to this system for an economy as an example, the regulation of this type of government rests with the people. the form of government that has presided over this country for decades up until now has worked. There are many questions to this type of government with limited answers but the ones we primarily need to know are answered everyday. People can create their own business with the help of banks and venture capitalists. This type of economy relies on its people to stabilize it rather than all the control being i n the hands of one king or government officials. The involvement of the government is limited mainly to creating jobs,

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 * __Chapter Ten Questions 1-6__**

6. Republican motherhood is an idea that it is the responsibility of the women to teach the chidren of that time about republicanism, democracy, revolution. Women during the industrial revolution began to work outside of the home. Cultdomesticity- The idea that woman should not be looking for work outside of the home, they should be fulfilling their roles at home.